In that case the chamber needed to be reamed to lengthen the chamber back to the correct size !! Why was this done ? Was it to correct chamber problems ? Will a replacement stock need to shorten at the muzzle end to be able to fit a bayonet ?
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From the damaged slot in the barrel-locking screw it looks like they figured out the barrel threading in the end. The chambers of these rifles were enlarged when hard-extraction issues appeared during WWI, due to poor quality ammo.
The fact that yours has a very good bore would explain why someone went to the trouble of shortening the barrel and re-cutting the chamber close to original specs.
As Tiriaq mentioned, you have the band and nosecap so a restoration is mostly woodwork.
And yes, this was an ex-Canadian military rifle.
The scuff marks on the barrel are likely due to them thinking the barrel had right hand threads when they tried to remove it. As much as I enjoy restoring Ross rifles, I don't believe I would put the money into restoring one with a shortened barrel. Decent full-length barrels can be found, but they generally have poor to fair bores. The nose cap, although likely rebuildable, appears to have been quite heavily modified. Still, I would try to rebuild that cap before installing a reproduction.
And as for removing these "buggy whip" barrels as they are sometimes called, once the locking screw is removed, a few blows with a soft face mallet on the receiver around the chamber area usually loosens them enough for hand removal.