Really guys, come on. Chinese in the snow, what about Germans in the snow? No doubt there are limitations with different calibers. Did we always put the proper caliber into the correct setting, NO. Did we learn from it, I think maybe.
We can debate over what this or that did/will do. Yesteryear verses today. Bottom line is cartridges were all designed for different applications at different times in history. Long range, up close, caliber, bullet weight, FMJ or HP, case length, gr's of powder, barrel length, weapon size & weight, etc.
Garand: 30-06 Ball, M2 weighs 150 gr and has a muzzle velocity of 2,805 ft/s and muzzle energy of 2,655 ft·lb from a 24" barrel.
Carbine: .30 carbine ball weighs 110 gr and has a muzzle velocity of 1,990 ft/s and muzzle energy of 967 ft·lb from an 18" barrel.
M-16: .223 55 gr Nosler has a muzzle velocity of 3,240 ft/s and muzzle energy of 1,282 ft·lb from a 24" barrel.
By comparison,
Revolver: The .357 Magnum revolver firing the same weight 110 gr CorBon bullet from a 4-inch barrel has 1,500 ft/s for about 550 ft·lb from a 4" barrel.
1911: .45 acp 230 gr bullet has about 830 ft/s and about 352 ft·lb from a 5" barrel.
M-9: 9mm 124 gr bullet has about 1,200 ft/s and around 382 ft·lb from a 5.9" barrel.
???? .40 165 gr Remington has about 1,150 ft/s and around 485 ft·lb from a 4" barrel.
What do our guys have today? An A4 .223 and an M-9 9mm. Trending back to 45 acp.
What would you chose today??? Choices are purely personal, and always different for each individual. Today if I had to chose, one rifle and one pistol for all around protection and get rid of all the rest, I would go with an M-16 and 1911. One designed in 1956 the other in 1906. Many will have differing opinions. I don't think there is a right/wrong.