A chamber cast would be an option to see if there is a contributory defect there.
Agree that the "glasses broken by firing pin" is a hard one to explain except by a broken firing pin, but as you say, that should lead to more than broken glasses in the case of serious case failure. A long neck and a short butt?! Hard to say what broke the glasses unless there is an obvious mark from the impact on the cocking piece. A person not overly familiar with the rifle or who did not examine the bolt closely might not notice a broken firing pin, and if the tip was jammed in the bolt head that might cause a premature ignition and case failure? If it did, the broken tip and perhaps collar being driven back would allow more gas than usual down the firing pin hole? An oversize firing pin hole in the bolthead might be a contributory factor in such a case too?