The .270 Winchester cartridge may not even chamber because the shoulder is slightly longer to prevent mis-loading it in a .30-06 chamber.
You ask "any 150gr 30-06" ?? If you are talking about commercially loaded 150gr ammo the answer is NO.
Unless it is marked Safe for use in
M1
Garand, then you risk bending your op rod and damaging the rifle and or yourself and others around you.
M1 Garands were built with a limit to the amount gas pressure they can handle for safe function.
Only use M2 ball ammo or ammo that is marked safe for M1 Garand. PPU makes M1 safe ammo, and there is alot of M1 safe ball ammo for sale on the internet.