Definitely not a smoothbore and the action wasn't as crude as I've seen some of those training rifles (well, in pics, I've never seen one up close). It had the "38 Type" Japaneseicon characters near the vent holes but it looked from every angle to have never had a 'mum on it. If it was ground off, it was the most professional job I've ever seen! The serial number was in the 5 digits including the two zeros, in the mid 200s (possibly early-1905 production?) The firing pin protruded a fair bit from the bolt face, so I'm assuming it has seen a lot of dry firing which makes a lot of sense if it was a training rifle. All-in-all it was a decent piece but I couldn't shoot the sea if I was on a ship with it!