Maybe you could simply braze or tig the bayonet standard directly onto the casing as opposed to inserting the thick strengthening support plate inside the casing and rivetting the bayonet standard to it (it's rivetted from/through the opposite hole.....) and then induction copper brazing it. That support plate etc etc was just to strengthen the rear bayonet fitting in order to pass the UKMilitary trials of the time. And in reality, yours isn't going down to the bayonet fighting gallows for training any time soon.
As a matter of interest, the Sterling barrel only has a rear flange because it is a reminder of its Lanchester ancestry where the first 4,000 guns used up the remaining Lanchester barrels - albeit slightly modified at the muzzle end. That large diameter really serves no mechanical purpose as the barrel is pulled firmly forwards and squarely from the muzzle. On that basis you could simply machine away a portion of the outer radius. That would clear the blocking bar and leave you to install the correct bayonet bits.
During the last days we had Sterlings in Malaya - before AR15's, local Far East EMER's stated that we did not ZF guns with broken or missing bayonet standards as we used to because they were pretty well redundant there in any case