As I understand, or DON'T understand it - and once again, it really depends on who you talk to or ask about it......... It involves drawing a series of gradually increasing sizes of ball bearings through the barrel until one size will draw through cleanly with the exact loading all the way along its path. This indicates that the bore is exactly parallel (ho, ho, ho.....) throughout its length. Yep....., that's it....., and it can ONLY increase the diameter don't forget - because someone clearly DID forget that simple fact. Alas, whoever invented this load of, er........., balls if you'll excuse the pun....., wasn't a metallurgist.
You might have established from this that while the......, yes........., mmmmm, I'm not totally in agreement with some part, say 99% of the notion. But each to his own as they say. Or as my great old and much respected Physics tutor, the late, great Prof Percy used to say to us as students '.....it wouldn't stand up to a great deal of close stupidity'