The two serial numbers are actually one serial number, and one register number from the factory who, for a charge of one shilling and sixpence, marked the arm to signify that it had been factory inspected and found to comply to military specs to allow it to be used in service rifle competitions.
These registry numbers are only found on military style private sale arms. The ledger number is usually accompanied by a crowned factory inspector marking, which often misleads some collectors to believe that their commercial arm has seen military service.