I mean, with regards to Germany, the primary reason they did the whole "let's keep a barrel length similar to our Gewehr 98 rifles but call it a carbine instead" was specifically to circumvent the Treaty of Versailles, which said the German military couldn't possess a certain number of rifles in military inventory, but didn't place any limitations on carbines, so the Wehrmacht got around that issue by calling their service rifles "carbines" specifically to follow the letter of the treaty while giving it the proverbial middle finger, and later opted to move to a short rifle (K98k) that was still labeled a "carbine".