Of the multiple types of nonstandard rifles sold by the Soviets to the Republican Spanish, the comparatively low numbers and varied types suggest that these rifles were miscellaneous variants used, inventoried, and stored following the end of the RussianCivil War. In addition to a number of Austro-Hungarian
Mannlicher and German
Mauser rifles, English Lee-Enfield and Canadian
Ross Mk.III rifles were also likely sourced from ex-White Russian stocks which fell into Soviet hands following the defeat of the Whites in 1923, who had received them as aid earlier in the Russian Civil War during Allied intervention efforts, There exists a book of the various arms used in the Spanish Civil War which incorrectly identifies a Ross MkIII as a "Lee Enfield".